Xi’an, one of China’s ancient capitals and a cradle of Chinese civilization, is a city where the grandeur of imperial history meets the rugged charm of the northwest. The city’s folk customs reflect this rich cultural tapestry, offering a vibrant blend of ancient traditions, local artistry, and communal celebrations. From dragon boat races and Qin Opera to lantern festivals and traditional crafts, Xi’an’s folk customs provide a vivid glimpse into the life and spirit of its people.
Dragon Boat Racing
The Dragon Boat Festival, celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, is a significant traditional holiday in China, and Xi’an marks the occasion with grand dragon boat races. This custom, deeply rooted in Chinese folklore, commemorates the ancient poet Qu Yuan, who drowned himself in protest against corruption. In Xi’an, these races are held annually on Han City Lake, where teams compete in ornately decorated dragon boats. The rhythmic beating of drums, the synchronized rowing, and the cheering crowds create an atmosphere of excitement and unity, making it a must-see event that highlights the city’s cultural connection to this ancient tradition.
Location: Han City Lake
Time: Dragon Boat Festival
Qin Opera (Qinqiang)
Qin Opera, also known as “Luan Tan,” is a distinctive form of local theater in Shaanxi Province. As the oldest and most traditional form of Chinese opera, Qinqiang is characterized by its bold, powerful vocal style and intense emotional expression. The performances often feature stories from Chinese history and folklore, with a particular focus on heroism, loyalty, and tragedy. The actors, especially those playing the role of “Hua Lian” (painted face characters), sing with a forceful, guttural voice that conveys the drama’s intensity. Locals affectionately refer to this as “zheng po tou,” meaning “breaking the head.” Attending a Qinqiang performance at the Yisu Grand Theater in Xi’an offers an immersive experience of this unique cultural heritage.
Location: Yisu Grand Theater, Anban Street, Xincheng District
Time: Performance times vary; check theater schedules for details
Xi’an City Wall Lantern Festival
Each year during the Spring Festival, the ancient city wall of Xi’an becomes a dazzling spectacle of light and color. The Lantern Festival, held from the South Gate to Heping Gate, transforms the ancient fortifications into a luminous wonderland. Various types of traditional Chinese lanterns adorn the wall, evoking the grandeur of the Han and Tang dynasties. The festival also features traditional performances, including puppet shows, shadow puppetry, Qin Opera, and folk arts like paper-cutting and land boat performances. Walking along the ancient city wall during this festival is like stepping back in time, allowing visitors to experience the cultural richness of ancient China in a festive setting.
Location: Xi’an Ancient City Wall
Time: 15th day of the first lunar month (Lantern Festival)
Shadow Puppetry
Shadow puppetry, or “Deng Ying Zi,” is a popular form of folk entertainment in the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi. This ancient art form uses translucent puppets made from leather or paper to tell stories through shadows cast on a screen. In Xi’an, shadow puppetry is often accompanied by the dramatic melodies of Qin Opera, adding a powerful auditory dimension to the visual performance. The puppeteers, known for their dexterity, can manipulate multiple puppets simultaneously, creating dynamic and intricate performances. The Qin Zhi Yun Shadow Puppet Theater in Lianhu District offers daily shows that showcase this mesmerizing art form, bringing to life the legends and folklore of ancient China.
Location: Qin Zhi Yun Shadow Puppet Theater, No. 140 Beiyuanmen, Lianhu District
Time: Daily from 12:00 PM to 10:00 PM
Sugar Blowing
Sugar blowing, an art form that has survived for over 600 years, is a traditional craft in Xi’an. The artisans use malt sugar, blowing and shaping it into various forms such as animals, flowers, and figures. This process involves heating the sugar until it becomes pliable, then the artist blows into it like a balloon, skillfully shaping it into delicate and intricate designs. The sight of an artist transforming a lump of sugar into a lifelike bird or dragon in just a few minutes is both fascinating and nostalgic, providing a sweet glimpse into China’s rich cultural heritage. Visitors can often find these skilled artisans at popular tourist spots, especially during holidays.
Location: North Square of the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda, Yanta District
Time: Festivals and holidays
Xi’an Chinese New Year
During the Chinese New Year, Xi’an truly comes alive with a series of events and activities that celebrate the rich cultural heritage of the region. The Qujiang New District, the Tang Paradise, and the Great Tang All Day Mall are key locations where the city showcases its vibrant traditions through stunning light shows, traditional performances, and local delicacies. The festivities highlight the deep cultural roots of Xi’an, with a particular focus on the local Shaanxi cuisine, folk arts, and intangible cultural heritage. The New Year celebrations in Xi’an offer a unique opportunity to experience the city’s traditions in a modern setting, where ancient customs are honored and enjoyed by all.
Location: Great Tang All Day Mall, Tang Paradise, Daming Palace
Time: Chinese New Year
Folk Shehuo Performances
“Shehuo” is a traditional folk performance that originated from ancient religious practices, where people offered songs and dances to gods for blessings. In Xi’an, Shehuo is especially popular during the Chinese New Year. These performances are characterized by their vibrant costumes, lively music, and energetic dances that reflect the local culture and beliefs. The performances often take place in public squares or streets, where locals gather to watch and participate in the festivities. Shehuo is deeply rooted in the worship of the Earth God (“She”) and Fire (“Huo”), symbolizing the community’s hopes for a prosperous and healthy year. The Tang Paradise in Yanta District is one of the best places to experience this lively tradition.
Location: Tang Paradise, No. 99 Furong West Road, Yanta District
Time: Chinese New Year
Conclusion
Xi’an’s folk customs are a rich tapestry of cultural expressions that have been passed down through generations. They offer a unique glimpse into the city’s historical legacy, showcasing the enduring spirit of its people and their deep connection to both the ancient and modern worlds. Whether you are witnessing a dragon boat race, enjoying a Qin Opera performance, or marveling at the artistry of sugar blowing, these traditions provide an unforgettable experience that captures the essence of Xi’an.